Chapter Two:

The Darkness and the Light:

NDEs and the Binary Soul Doctrine

(part one of two)

As curious as it is that so many ancient cultures seem to have known, somehow, about the conscious and the unconscious, it is even more curious that they all somehow managed to also agree that these two components of the self divided apart at death. So the logical question is - what would happen to the conscious and the unconscious if they did divide apart after death? Where would they be? What would each experience? Fortunately, this question answers itself : each would, obviously, lose what the other half gave it, and would be forced to rely exclusively on its own capacities.

The conscious half, then, would lose all its memory, all its emotion, all its subjective sense of connectedness and relationship, all its sense of pattern and form and context, everything it had previously received from the unconscious. But it would continue to possess its own objective perspective, rational intellect, verbal communication skills, and independent free will volition. Meanwhile, the unconscious would lose the ability for objective, rational, independent thought, the ability for verbal communication skills, and the free will ability to make fresh new choices and decisions. It would, however, still retain its subjectivity, emotions, memory, receptiveness, responsiveness, and the ability to perceive forms, patterns, context, connectedness, and relationships.

Many of those ancient cultures held that, if they divided apart, the conscious-like soul (the one possessing intelligence and free will) would reincarnate after death, while the unconscious-like soul (the one having the emotions and the memory) would find itself in a dreamlike netherworld-type experience after death. The amazing thing is - these scenarios are uncannily close to what modern science would seem to predict for the conscious and unconscious if they did divide apart after death. In fact, such a division would account for the vast majority of reports emerging from modern research into life after death phenomena.



Two Stages of NDEs

According to neuropsychiatrist Peter Fenwick, President of the British Branch of IANDS, two very different stages of experience are commonly reported in NDEs - a dark stage followed by a light stage - and these two stages seem to be mirror opposites of one another in many respects.

In the first stage, when the subject has just left the body, the experience is typically described as floating alone within a black void or black tunnel, experiencing perfect calmness and peace, experiencing a loss of emotional investment in one's own past life, a loss of all sense of connection to anything else, and often, a sense of having hyperalert awareness with sharply enhanced logic and reason (Fenwick). This first phase of NDEs is often brief, sometimes coming and going so quickly it is often overlooked in the subject's passage to the more emotionally-intense and sensational second stage.

In the second stage, NDErs describe conditions that seem to be polar opposites of the previous stage - instead of being in total darkness with no light anywhere, they are now in brilliant light devoid of all darkness (Moody). Instead of floating alone in an empty void, they now seem to be enveloped in a living universe filled with forms of all types. Instead of being entirely unique, they are now interacting with many others like themselves. Instead of noticing a lack of emotion, they now feel intense emotion, usually either the sweetest of joys or the bitterest of miseries. Instead of being objective, they are now subjective. Instead of feeling unconnected to anything, now they feel an intimate connection to their past life, as well as to those they meet in this new realm, and indeed to the entire universe. And instead of experiencing a sharpened sense of logic and reason, they now often seem to exhibit just the opposite (without realizing it) - a diminished tendency to exercise critical analysis and discriminative reason. In short, the first stage seems to be experienced through the eye of the conscious mind, while the second stage seems to be experienced through the eye of the unconscious mind.



Stage One: Peace in the Dark Void

NDErs often describe stage one as taking place in an absolutely black nothingness, a realm totally devoid of forms or imagery of any kind. They often find that they can't see anything, including themselves, in this realm of unending emptiness. A strange loss of emotions and a sense of disconnectedness tends to take place during this stage, after leaving the body but before entering the realm of light. Subjects tend to characterize their psychological state during this phase as one of complete indifference and emotional detachment; despite having just been ripped away from their body, as well as their family, friends, loved ones, career, and precious plans for the future, they inexplicably feel no distress or anxiety of any kind over this unforseen development. On the contrary, subjects often mention a deep sense of peacefulness, calm, and serenity during this phase, all of which seems to point more towards an absence of negative feelings and emotions than the presence of any positive ones (this is sharply contrasted by the second phase of NDEs, in which subjects commonly describe the presence of extremely intense emotions). The celebrated "peace" of this first stage, then, seems to be the interpretation subjects give to the sudden loss of all subjective emotion and feeling, understandably equating the total absence of anxiety and distress with the presence of deep calm and inner peace. Jenny McMillan's description of this first stage NDE is a typical example of this phenomenon:

"I realized that I must be dying and ... I didn't mind in the least. I remember being very interested in the experience in a very unemotional academic way and feeling that it was quite an adventure - no regrets at all. [...] My husband and two-year-old son were everything to me, and I was shocked and amazed at myself for not minding the thought of leaving them, yet I was overwhelmed by a feeling of peace.... I knew how devastated they would be at my death but even this did not really move me. I ...felt free of any cares at all. ...it was just peaceful and interesting and detached." (Fenwick, p. 52-53)

Descriptions of the first stage of NDEs, using words such as "detached, calm, peaceful, serene, dispassionate, divorced from what was happening, release from care", are very common. In fact, this detached calm state is the single most common experience in NDEs, being reported by 82% of NDE subjects (Fenwick). Many have remarked how peculiar this initial reaction seems to be. It just doesn't seem to make sense that the average person would feel this way after just consciously experiencing one's own death, leaving one's body, loved ones, and career, being cut off from all his loves, dreams, ambitions, and precious plans for the future. It just doesn't seem logical that a person who had lost everything most dear would react with a flat emotional nonchalance. But for some reason, one of the most consistently mentioned features of Near-Death Experiences is this flat emotional state immediately after leaving the body.

Almost as common are reports of increased clarity and swiftness of thought during the first stage. Subjects often mention a heightened sense of objective intellect, feeling far more alert, curious, logical, rational, and intelligent than normal during this phase (Boldman, Fenwick). While subjects find themselves sharply interested in observing what is taking place during this phase, this seems to be more out of dispassionate academic curiosity rather than any sense of attachment or personal connection (Fenwick). During the first stage of his NDE, Elias Silver reported "My mind seemed terribly clear and alert - more so than ever. I felt I was all mind." (Fenwick, p. 70). And Audrey Organ declared "I... had great mental awareness. I had been given .... the magic key to understanding pure logic." (Fenwick, p. 74)

What is being reported during the first stage of NDEs seems to be a dramatic reduction of subjective emotion with a corresponding increase in objective analytical logic, which does seem like a very unusual reaction to one's own death. But all these details are exactly the sort of experiences one would expect to be reported by a conscious mind that had suddenly become divorced from its unconscious half. Without the unconscious, it would feel that all its feelings and emotions had disappeared. Without the unconscious, the conscious mind would no longer be able to experience or appreciate any subjective sense of belonging, relationships, or personal connections of any kind; it would feel unconnected to anything. Without the emotional perspective of the unconscious, it would experience utterly no distress or anxiety on any level of awareness. And since normal life always contains some degree of anxiety, some underlying awareness of one's vulnerabilities, needs, limitations, failings, and other stressors, the sudden unanticipated dropping away of this angst-ridden underlying mental context would be experienced as a profound state of peacefulness.

And without the unconscious, the conscious mind would be unable to recognize shapes, patterns, forms, or images of any kind - it would see only nothingness. On its own, the conscious mind would have no memory of any forms or images, nor any ability for form-, pattern-, or relationship-perception. This would leave the conscious mind completely lacking any orienting sense of context, leaving it just like a newborn baby, unable to see any patterns in anything around it. Without any sense of context, everything it observed around it would seem to be just random meaningless chaos, and this would perfectly explain why subjects often report floating in nothingness during the first stage of NDEs (as also do some Past-Life Regression subjects when regressed to a point in time in-between lives).

Yet despite all these lost abilities, the conscious mind would still remain fully conscious and aware. It would also still possess its own objective rational intellect and analytical curiosity, abilities that would seem to have been powerfully enhanced and heightened, by virtue of the conscious mind no longer being diluted with the unconscious and its 'illogical' emotions and subjective impressions.

In many respects, this dark emptiness resembles the "Clear Light of the Void" mentioned in Buddhist teachings. Buddhist tradition holds that if one can manage to stay in this first stage, and avoid slipping along into the second stage of NDEs, one will have achieved "Enlightenment", and will no longer be subject to reincarnation. But if one does slip into the second stage, Buddhist doctrine declares, one will thereby return to the universe of form and manifestation. This dovetails nicely with the theory that the first "dark void" stage of NDEs is the experience of the conscious and the second "realm of light" stage is the experience of the unconscious, for the unconscious is assigned the task of form-recognition in the human psyche (Jung, Sagan, Ornstein), and without it, no form (and therefore no manifestation) would seem to be possible. Yet if this is so, one is then impelled to question the Buddhist wisdom of purposely remaining in the dark void, thus remaining ever divided, always experiencing the conscious without the unconscious, always experiencing but half of one's full being.

Stage Two: Joy in the Realm of Light

The second stage of NDEs, in which subjects report leaving the dark void to (usually) enter a realm of brilliant living light, tends to be characterized by the presence of tremendously powerful and moving emotions, deep emotional connection to and investment in the subject's own past life (via the legendary Past-Life Review), and a suddenly renewed and enhanced sense of connectedness and community with others (indeed, with the entire universe).

These are precisely the experiences that science would predict for an unconscious that found itself no longer united to its conscious mind. Its experience of feeling and emotion would seem greatly enhanced, to the point of seeming absolute and overwhelming. The emotionally-based mental input of the unconscious would, for the first time in the person's entire life experience, no longer be capable of being denied, ignored, rejected, repressed, or rationalized away by the conscious mind (which is always the case to at least some degree, usually to a very great degree, during normal adult life). Unbound at last, all the repressed emotions, denied feelings, forgotten memories, rejected insights, and unacknowledged self-judgments that had piled up within the unconscious over the course of the person's life would spring fully forth en mass, finally free of the restrictive, repressive, and controlling influence of the conscious mind. All the natural characteristics of the unconscious - emotion, memory, conscience, receptiveness, responsiveness, aesthetic awareness, and form-, pattern-, and relationship- recognition, would define the nature of the experience. But subjects in the second stage would also exhibit a pronounced loss of certain abilities, which would correspond with the characteristics of the conscious mind. Without the conscious mind, the unconscious would lose its reason, logic, objective perspective, free will, and verbal communication ability. No longer having any critical, analytical, or discriminative faculties whatsoever, it would be condemned to accept as unquestionable truth virtually all thoughts, suspicions, and impressions passing across the mind's eye. And without its verbal communication ability, communication would have to take place without words, using gestures, symbols, metaphors, analogies, and direct intuitive awareness instead. And without the conscious mind's objective perspective, one would have a diminished sense of one's own distinct independence, autonomy, and unique identity - the normal defining boundaries between oneself and others would seem diminished, even nonexistent. And these are, as it turns out, precisely what most subjects report during the second stage of NDEs.

Increased Emotion

The first thing that seems to be noticed about the second stage is the intense flood of feelings and emotions that instantly envelop NDErs; most reports describe extremely positive emotions, such as love and joy, but occasionally extremely negative feelings are reported instead. Besides the obvious contrast between the emotionally-void first stage and the emotionally-saturated second stage, it also seems significant that these second-stage emotions always seem to be abnormally extreme. No one seems to come back from NDEs reporting that they felt just "a little bit good" or "a little bit bad"; no sliding scale measuring the relative degree of one's emotional experience during these episodes would be needed, for the feelings experienced during the second stage of NDEs always seem to be at extreme, maximum, absolute levels (Atwater).

This, as it turns out, is precisely what one would expect if the unconscious was operating independently of the conscious mind. With the conscious mind out of the picture, the unconscious would no longer possess any discriminative capacity; it would no longer be able to distinguish differences between things, or degrees of difference. The unconscious is designed to perceive the similarities between things, not the differences, and so is constitutionally blind to degrees of difference. So if the unconscious was experiencing fear, it would know that fear in its purest, most absolute and undiluted form. Similarly, if the unconscious felt love, that love would be experienced as infinite, unlimited in any way, shape, or form. And that is precisely the character of the emotions that NDErs tend to report during the second stage of these episodes.

Diminished Reason

If the unconscious was divorced from the conscious mind, it would no longer possess any logical reasoning ability, and second stage reports often do seem to suggest a lack of normal deductive logic and analytical reason in subjects' thought processes. Without the conscious, the unconscious would have no objectivity whatsoever, and a complete lack of objectivity would mean a complete and utter inability to tell the difference between truth and falsehood. The objective conscious mind is what throws seeds of doubt in the human psyche; without it, no doubt can be experienced. The objective conscious mind discerns differences and distinguishes between them, accepting one thing while rejecting another. But without the logic and objectivity of the conscious mind, all thoughts running across the screen of the unconscious mind would be accepted equally, each impression seeming to be equally obvious, compelling, and true. And this is precisely the dynamic that seems to take place during the second stage of NDEs.

"The Knowledge Was Given To Me that..."

NDErs regularly report an experience that seems to be direct, pure, and certain knowing (Atwater); information received in this way is always felt to be 100% certain, despite having in no way been questioned, measured, analyzed, or independently verified (Fenwick). This attribution of certainty to one's perceptions is exactly the way the unconscious processes information. It does not critique it, or analyze it, or question it, but just accepts it without dispute or hesitation as absolute and obvious truth. The dreamer who dreams that he can fly, or that he is walking naked into his place of business, or that his uncle has asparagus stalks for eyebrows, does not for a moment question the reality of these impressions at the time, but takes them all calmly in his stride, for there is no logic available in his thought processes at the time, no discriminative capacity to raise the red flags of doubt. Similarly, the hypnotized subject who is told she is a rooster does not argue or even consider questioning the fact, but instead commences to express her "roosterness" with the sort of conviction that is seldom seen outside a traveling revival tent.

In much the same way, NDErs during the second stage regularly entertain thoughts and impressions which are never questioned. Yet later, when the cold light of objective logic is brought to bear upon these insights, one finds that some NDE reports sometimes contradict others - some NDErs insist, for example, that they received the "divine truth" that reincarnation is a false teaching (Eadie), while others return from their NDEs carrying the opposite message (Atwater). Similar contradictions have occurred over other issues as well, such as the existence of the legendary figure known as the devil (Fenwick, Williams).

This loss of one's critical and analytical functions also seems highly evident in second stage reports of addictive behavior. Inhabitants of second stage realms seem to remain frozen in whatever behavior patterns they held at the times of their deaths. Even though they now possess no physical bodies, they still seek to satisfy their physical cravings, seemingly unable to intellectually grasp the simple fact that these cravings can no longer be satisfied (Lundahl). And again too, one finds throughout the full body of afterlife research, report after report of the recently deceased who can't seem to figure out that they are dead, despite an abundance of glaring clues pointing in that direction (Brown, Van Praagh, Guiley, Monroe). The living no longer hear or see them, and their now-spiritual bodies pass right through the physical objects they try to grasp and the loved ones they try to embrace. Yet, despite all this rather compelling evidence, they remain unaccountably befuddled, seemingly unable to perform even the simplest logical deductions, unable to put two and two together and realize they are dead. This loss of analytical reasoning ability is perhaps most obvious in the reports of the other second stage world, the hellish Realm of Bewildered Souls (addressed in greater depth further on in this paper). The inhabitants of this grey netherworld have repeatedly been described as being trapped in unfortunate and unpleasant conditions of their own making, which they could get out of quite easily if only they tried. Yet they don't try (Moody), and they don't seem to grasp the fact that they could end their misery in a moment if only they tried. Such behavior points strongly to a loss of objective rational intellect, quite possibly coupled with a lack of independent free will.

Increased Sense of Connections and RelationshipsNDErs commonly report feeling a profound sense of oneness with the whole universe (Fenwick), and this too is exactly what one would expect if the unconscious was operating independently of the conscious mind. The unconscious is geared to recognize the connections and relationships between things, and the patterns those relationships form. Seeing only connections but never any differences, the unconscious would instinctively see the whole universe as a perfectly interconnected, synchronized and harmonized singularity. Having lost all ability to distinguish between things, it would only see the connections and similarities and relationships between things, which would cause it to identify things together that the conscious mind might have otherwise distinguished from one another.

This is the way the unconscious processes information, and the effects of this natural process can easily be observed in dreams. Perhaps the most familiar product of the unconscious, dreams are well known for blurring and melding the identities of multiple individuals into a single dream character (Freud); it would be nothing unusual for one's Uncle Arthur to also seem to be one's high school Spanish teacher in a dream, even though in real life they had been entirely distinct individuals. In normal life the conscious and unconscious operate together, one pointing out the differences between things, the other highlighting their similarities; only together can they provide us with a balanced and realistic perspective. But without the distinguishing, objective perspective of the conscious mind, the unconscious is blind to all distinctions, divisions, and inequities. On its own, the unconscious would be unable to distinguish between oneself and the rest of the universe, and so, it would identify the two together ("I and the universe are one") forced to do this by the same inner programming that causes separate identities to blend together in dreams.

Diminished Appreciation of Objectivity

Just as the unconscious is polarized more towards the subjective than the objective, so too the reports from NDErs seem to emphasize and appreciate subjective interpersonal values such as personal relationships, family, love, and patience, while de-emphasizing or even outright ignoring more objective values, such as worldly and professional accomplishment. Yet it seems disingenuous to value the one above the other in a world where both are inescapably interconnected. If centuries of scientists had not dedicated their lives to impersonal objective accomplishments in medicine, or if legions of soldiers had not dedicated their lives to the very real, objective, impersonal task of halting the advance of Hitler, the world would be a far more angst-ridden and loveless place today. Yet we repeatedly hear, in the Life Reviews of NDErs, that their subjective emotion-based relationships with others are accorded far more meaning and significance than their objective worldly accomplishments, which, as one NDEr reported, "meant nothing in this setting" (Lundahl, p. 263).

Increased Receptivity and Inclusiveness

Because the unconscious does not have any innate ability for perceiving details or distinguishing the differences between things, it must accept all thoughts equally. If it was operating independently of the conscious mind as the Binary Soul Doctrine suggests would be the case, the right brain unconscious would find itself in a state of complete and total acceptance, rejecting nothing.

"The right hemisphere has no equivalent of no."

(Ornstein, p. 93)

This, as it turns out, is precisely the 'mind set' found to be in operation in most second stage reports. All people are loved and appreciated and accepted equally, with none being rejected or turned away. Even during the legendary Life Review, when all one's worst thoughts and deeds are paraded in public, the person him- or herself is still loved and cherished and accepted unconditionally (Atwater). The unconscious would have no choice but to do this; its own design would force it to accept everyone and everything, not necessarily due to any objective analysis of their actual value and worth, but due simply to the way the unconscious is designed to function.

Diminished Separateness and Autonomy

If the unconscious was divorced from the conscious, one would also expect to see a lessening of one's sense of the distinctions between all things, including the distinctions between one person and another, and this too does seem to be a regular feature of the second stage of NDEs. Subjects consistently report that the normal boundaries between themselves and others have faded, in some cases becoming nearly non-existent (Fenwick). Instead of retaining their own independent autonomy, they find now that their very psyches have become like a glass house, into which anyone and everyone can peer at will. All their thoughts and feelings are exposed to the universe, and nothing is hidden (Moody).

"I had no sense of being separate.

I was in the light and one with it."

(Grey, p. 58)

In short, there no longer seems to be any such thing as separateness, which is precisely what one would expect to experience if the conscious mind, which provides our ability to perceive separateness and distinctness, was no longer functioning.

Increased Aesthetic Sensitivity

The Right Brain unconscious, modern neuropsychology informs us, is oriented towards recognizing and appreciating life's more artistic and aesthetic qualities (Ornstein). Because of this orientation, if the unconscious was separated away from the conscious mind, its aesthetic appreciation and artistic sensitivities would seem to have been greatly magnified. And this is, as it turns out, perfectly consistent with the reports of second stage NDEs. Descriptions of the Realm of Light always seem to include comments about how incredibly beautiful everything is. Whether the subject of discussion happens to be the buildings, the natural scenery, or even the inhabitants of the Realm of Light, they are always too beautiful for words, which is precisely what should be expected if one's aesthetic sense was turned up to full volume. In much the same way, observers of the Realm of Bewildered Spirits also betray a similar intensification of their aesthetic sense, but in the opposite direction. Instead of everything seeming impossibly beautiful, everything in that realm seems to be impossibly ugly or horrific (Lundahl). Either way, the aesthetic sense of the observer always seems to be registering at maximum capacity.

Diminished Verbal Capacity

If the unconscious became alienated from the conscious mind, it would lose all ability for literal linear thought, and thus all ability to communicate verbally, and again, the weight of the reports does suggest that verbal communication ability is often greatly diminished during NDEs. Words are seldom used during the second stage experience, communication more often occurring instead via gestures, images, and direct intuitive comprehension (Moody). And even long after the NDE is over, words are still then hopelessly inadequate to describe the experience. The ineffability of the second stage of NDEs is so commonly repeated it has almost become a cliche; again and again, researchers have encountered comments like " no words were spoken" and "words were not necessary", and "the feeling was indescribable". Even the Life Review is "more often in the form of pictures than verbal memories" (Fenwick, p. 116).

Increased Sense of Form and Pattern (The Big Picture)

The fact that the conscious mind has no capacity for perceiving form, while the unconscious does, seems to explain why the first stage of NDEs includes no perception of any forms (even one's own self seems to be formless) (Boldman) while the second stage is filled with forms of all sorts. But the form-perception of the unconscious would also seem to be responsible for another very notable characteristic of the second stage - the feeling that one has 'total understanding', perceiving the full scheme of things (Fenwick) :

" Everything fitted in, it all made sense ... It almost seemed, too, as if the pieces of a

jig-saw all fitted together. You know how it is with a tapestry and all the interwoven parts, then when the tapestry's turned over you see how it all fits in place."

( Ring, p. 183)

NDErs often return with amazing stories of seeing the big picture, instantly understanding the grand scheme of reality, understanding how all the pieces to the puzzle of reality all fit together. This would seem to simply be form- and pattern- awareness on the grandest scale.

Diminished Memory of NDE Revelations

While the unconscious is the repository of memory, such memories are primarily the records of the data it receives from the conscious mind while the person was awake. The unconscious fares far worse at retaining memory of its own activity than it does at retaining the memory of what the conscious mind experiences; the memory of what one did while awake is far more readily accessible than the memories of what one dreams at night. Also, while the unconscious is always active, always busy with its own tasks, one generally has no memory of this activity of the unconscious, either. In much the same way that one has trouble remembering these activities of the unconscious, NDErs report similar memory loss of second stage experiences. Again and again, NDErs have reported that momentous insights and revelations were received during the experience ("All knowledge was given to me"), but upon returning to normal consciousness, this invaluable data is found to be entirely missing from memory (Fenwick). As is so often the case with dream memories, one is left with very strong and compelling feelings and impressions, but often very little in the way of actual specific detail. This would make sense from the perspective of the Binary Soul Doctrine; second stage NDE memories would behave like dream memories if both experiences had originated from the same source - the unconscious.

Increased Memory of Earthly Life (The Life Review)

If the unconscious found itself separated from the conscious mind, it would seem likely to automatically experience a full life review much like that reported by NDErs. Without the conscious mind in the way, it would no longer be possible for the emotionally-based mental input of the unconscious to be denied, ignored, rejected, repressed, minimalized, rationalized, or diluted in any way. Unbound at last, all the repressed emotions, denied feelings, forgotten memories, rejected insights, and unacknowledged self-judgments that had built up within the unconscious over the course of the person's life would spring fully forth en mass, finally free of the restrictive and repressive influence of the conscious mind.

The conscious mind is the half of the psyche that holds the power of autonomous volition, the power to decide and choose and move and change. Without that conscious mind, the unconscious couldn't choose to do anything. It would find itself totally unable to initiate change in any way. It would have nothing to do but fall back deeper and deeper into itself, deeper and deeper into its own levels, deeper and deeper into its own emotions and its own memories. Being cut off from its own conscious mind, the unconscious would be completely non-reasoning, emotional, subjective, inward-looking, and running on full automatic. As it was looking inward, it would encounter its own stored - up memories, including its own long-forgotten (or never fully acknowledged) feelings and self-judgments about those memories.

While people are alive, even though their unconscious minds are usually hidden well out of sight in the background of their awareness, those unconscious minds remain constantly active, or rather reactive, constantly reacting and responding to all their different conscious choices and decisions. It is constantly whispering within, constantly comparing those choices and decisions with one's own inner sense of right and wrong. That's its job. But, at least while a person is still alive, one can consciously choose to block out those 'nagging' whisperings from that unconscious soul. People can, and often do, choose to ignore them, pushing these messages back down, repressing them out of our awareness entirely (Freud).

But if our unconscious found itself cut off from the conscious mind after death, that conscious mind would no longer be there to repress those memories, feelings, and self- judgements. One would not be able to hide from those judgments any longer. One would suddenly find oneself face to face with ALL of them, a whole lifetimes' worth of repressed self-judgments, swimming in them. With no discriminating intellect, one could no longer ignore, deny, rationalize away, or otherwise reject those memories, feelings, and judgments. So, one would suddenly find oneself totally, directly, immediately face-to-face with them, remembering all those memories at once, and feeling all the feelings connected with them as well. And this dynamic would seem to explain the sudden, immediate, and total life review and self-judgment that so often occurs during the second stage of NDEs. Just as the Binary Soul Doctrine would predict, these Life Reviews occur suddenly and en mass, during the second stage of the NDE, simultaneously releasing into full glaring view all the memories of one's life experiences, even one's most private thoughts and feelings.

The Self-Judgment

The judgment that occurs during this review is most typically experienced as being a self-judgment rather than a judgment that comes a second party (Moody), just as the Binary Soul Doctrine would anticipate. The dynamics of human psychology suggest that this judgment, although experienced during the NDE, would not actually have its origins in that moment, although it would certainly seem like it at the time. Rather, during the flood of memories, one would suddenly realize that one's own unconscious mind had been reactively judging one's choices and actions all along, during every moment of one's life. During the Life Review, one would finally come face to face with the sum total of all those past judgments about one's own behavior that one's own unconscious had generated over the course of one's life, judgments which were originally refused recognition by the conscious mind. People tend to keep many such self-judgments repressed, never allowing them to fully enter into their conscious awareness during life, causing these self-judgments to build up over the years, producing the psychological equivalent of a logjam (unless, of course, a person exercises extreme self-honesty, recognizing instead of repressing those self-judgments). But after death, when the repressive conscious mind was taken away, all those judgments would be unbound, allowing the entire logjam to finally rise to the surface of one's awareness in a single great convulsion, finally being acknowledged as they had been intended to do from their very inception. This would explain why the Life Review, which finally makes all these unconscious thoughts, feelings, and self-judgments starkly apparent, often makes people feel as if they have finally been revealed to themselves as they truly are for the first time (Boldman). This sense of having been 'exposed' is a very common theme in the second phase of NDEs; stripped of all one's illusions and denials and self-deceptions, one feels unaccustomedly exposed to oneself, as well as to others (Moody).

Increased Reactiveness: Genesis of Heaven and Hell Experiences?

If those memories, feelings, and judgments were primarily positive, the unconscious, being automatically responsive and emotional, would automatically respond to them by generating positive feelings and emotions. Now, since it is well known that the unconscious is also very creative, constantly generating images, dreams, and fantasies, the unconscious could then be expected to automatically (and possibly quite unconsciously, without ever realizing it was doing it) spin images, dreams, and fantasies to give shape to all those feelings, emotions, and self-judgments. If those memories, feelings, and self-judgments were primarily positive, it would generate positive images, dreams, and fantasies to give them shape and manifestation. And if the unconscious was in a truly closed system, completely cut off from its conscious half such that no decision-making ability was available to make changes, this process would be likely to continue forever, compounding upon itself. The good feelings and dream images generated by the unconscious would grow ever stronger and more intense, and in the unconscious' self-manufactured dreamworld, it would experience itself to be in heaven. But if those memories, feelings, and judgments were negative, the unconscious would then generate negative feelings, a process which would also continue and compound, becoming ever stronger and more intense, and in that unconscious' self-manufactured dreamworld reality, it would feel itself to be in hell.

Caught in a circular pattern of automatic behavior, such an unconscious soul would review its memories, react to them emotionally, and react to those reactions emotionally as well, all automatically, squeezing every last drop of emotional content from its life memories. This process, however, would not necessarily seem to occur slowly or sequentially in a normal cause-and-effect, before-and-after pattern, since time is said to not function normally during NDEs (Moody). Instead, this entire sequential process could easily seem to occur instantaneously, moving directly from the Life Review to the final effect - experiencing the heaven or hellish dreamworlds, without any sense of the psychological processes that led from the one to the other. These predictable processes, based on nothing more esoteric than the findings of modern science about the nature and workings of the human psyche, would seem to virtually duplicate the classic afterlife scenario of an eternal heaven and hell that is always becoming ever-more intensely felt and experienced. The pains of hell would grow ever more horrible, the bliss of heaven, ever-more delicious.

The "Realm of Bewildered Spirits" Explained?

Moody, Fenwick, Steiger, Atwater, Lundahl, and many other researchers have described a grey or hellish version of the second-stage NDE realm which seems to be home to hordes of very bewildered, confused, and distressed souls. And again, these souls seem to display the very sort of characteristics one would expect of separated unconscious souls that no longer have access to their rational conscious minds. Deeply unconscious and unaware, these beings possess extremely low intelligence and vitality, appearing "washed out, dull, grey, dreary, and confused" (Moody). These "Bewildered Spirits" show utterly no intellectual curiosity about where they are, nor any inclination for communication, being entirely caught up in their own emotional misery (Lundahl) and unaware of the presence of others (Moody) .George Gallop paints much the same picture, describing these beings as suffering intense emotional unrest compounded by thick confusion (Gallop). Have the souls in this realm lost all access to their own conscious minds? At least one NDEr seems to have thought so, feeling as if his own conscious mind was too deeply buried within for him to successfully access it during a hellish experience (Fenwick).

The ghostlike souls in this grey realm seem to be trapped in easily escapable misfortunes (Moody), situations which they could get out of very easily if only they tried (Lundahl). But they don't try, and furthermore, they can't seem to figure out that they could get out if only they would try. The inhabitants of this realm seem so utterly convinced that there is no way for them to escape that they don't even try to look for one (Lundahl). This strongly suggests the absence of the conscious human spirit during these experiences; during normal human life, no matter how desperate the situation, no matter how absolutely imprisoned a group of people might seem to be, the indomitable will of the human spirit refuses to let them give up entirely. Regardless of the circumstances, there are always a stubborn few who will never cease to actively seek their freedom. But in the grey realm of the bewildered described again and again in NDE reports, where freedom is apparently right at hand, ripe for the taking, that indomitable will of the human spirit is apparently nowhere to be seen. Such behavior suggests a scenario much in keeping with the Binary Soul Doctrine - beings with a complete absence of independent free will and rational intellect.

The heavenly and hellish realms visited during the second stage of NDEs seem, despite first appearances, to have much in common. In both, emotions and credibility predominate while reason and verbal expression seems diminished. In the Realm of Light, communication often takes place using gestures, symbols, and direct mental comprehension instead of words. In the hellish realm, communication often seems to be absent entirely (Lundahl). Words often don't seem to work in either place - both experiences are often found to be ineffable - unable to be described in words (Fenwick).

NDErs have described what seems to be two very different perspectives of the hellish realm - one seen from the inside, and a very different one seen from the outside. Descriptions from inside the realm of bewildered souls can be acutely frightening, with horrifying visual imagery (Fenwick). But descriptions of this place as seen from the outside never seem to include this nightmarish imagery. Instead, NDErs in the Realm of Light who find they can peer into the Realm of Bewildered souls tend to describe this realm as simply being grey, dreary, and dull (Moody) , but then paradoxically describe the inhabitants of that realm as experiencing sharp emotional distress, "wailing and full of desperation", (Lundahl) emotions that seem strikingly out of sync with the bland dullness of their apparent surroundings. It seems as if the inhabitants of this realm are all wrapped up inside their own private dream fantasies, which causes them to experience these intensely distressing emotions. But the outside observers watching from the Realm of Light apparently cannot see those privately experienced fantasies, but only perceive the anguished emotions being experienced by those bewildered souls.

Moody noted that these bewildered dead did not seem to be aware of anything, either in the physical world or the spiritual world, but only shuffled about, each experiencing its own dreadful emotions (Moody). One can only wonder whether, if the bewildered dead could also peer into the realm of light, would they also see those souls just shuffling about as well, each of them also wrapped up in its own private dream, the only difference being that in the realm of light each soul was experiencing intensely joyful feelings instead of distressing ones? If so, then the NDErs observing the Bewildered Souls from outside were using an objective perspective, which suggests that the division of objective conscious and subjective unconscious was not a full and total division, at least not yet. If they had been in a state of full and total division, they would have been unable to view anything objectively at all. 1